近日，人民網(wǎng)轉發(fā)了一篇題為《美國波士頓咨詢集團報告:中國制造成本已接近美國》的報道文章。
3HXD1635-40文章說，美國波士頓咨詢集團日前發(fā)布報告《全球制造業(yè)的經(jīng)濟大挪移》顯示，中國的制造成本已經(jīng)與美國相差無幾。全球出口量排名前25位的經(jīng)濟體，以美國為基準(100)，中國的制造成本指數(shù)是96，即同樣一件產品，在美國制造成本是1美元，那么在中國則需要0.96美元，雙方差距已經(jīng)極大縮小。
這篇報告認為中國的制造業(yè)面臨很大的壓力，10年前，中國的制造成本低，而如今成本卻水漲船高。就多數(shù)面向北美消費者的商品而言，2015年在美國低成本州生產，將會變得和在中國生產一樣經(jīng)濟劃算。更令人震驚的是：到2018年，美國制造的成本將比中國便宜2%-3%。
3HXD1635-40這是針對整體情況而言。
而在其中的某些產業(yè)，中國制造的成本已經(jīng)高于美國。8月初，《紐約時報》發(fā)表文章《產業(yè)鏈大逆轉，中國紗廠登陸美國》，講述中國的紡紗業(yè)成本比美國高30%，中國的紗廠開始在美國設廠。
中國制造業(yè)成本逼近美國，或許不是新聞
“中國制造”成本逼近美國，或許算不上新聞，而是舊聞。
2014年8月20日，騰訊財經(jīng)發(fā)布了一篇文章，題為《外媒：“中國制造”的優(yōu)勢正在被削弱》。
3HXD1635-40文章說，根據(jù)波士頓咨詢的全球制造業(yè)成本競爭力指數(shù)，以美國作為100點的話，中國在2014年的得分是96點。換句話說，在美國進行生產只比在中國進行生產貴4%——而在之前，中國的這個指數(shù)值一直在80點左右。
文章還說，這一走勢意味著，在美國生產商品相比中國的成本差距正在收窄。共同起草了多份關注全球制造業(yè)經(jīng)濟變化報告的霍爾·瑟金說，“我們目睹中國變得越來越昂貴?！?br />
不知為什么，這一份報告當時沒有引起國內的注意。而從國內媒體近期熱炒的“中國制造”成本逼近美國的消息來看，差不多相隔一年之后，中國制造業(yè)成本競爭力指數(shù)仍然是96點，沒有任何變化。
光大證券首席經(jīng)濟學家徐高表示，在國內經(jīng)濟增速持續(xù)放緩的大背景下，國內制造業(yè)尤其是中小型企業(yè)前景繼續(xù)惡化。大型企業(yè)在基礎設施建設加速等穩(wěn)增長政策發(fā)力環(huán)境下，景氣度基本維持平穩(wěn)。而中小型企業(yè)景氣度持續(xù)惡化，特別是小型企業(yè)，生產經(jīng)營狀況很不樂觀。
這也可能是一則舊聞再度發(fā)酵的原因。
3HXD1635-40中國工信部賽迪智庫專家安琳，對這一統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表示懷疑，認為該咨詢公司的研究成果是否有一定的道理還有待考證。不過他承認，中小企業(yè)發(fā)展較為困難、資源約束進一步趨緊、技術基礎相對薄弱、整體產業(yè)相對大而不強等等，都是國內制造業(yè)普遍存在的問題。“此前國務院印發(fā)了《中國制造2025》，來重點解決制造業(yè)存在的突出問題，是未來十年引領中國制造業(yè)轉型升級的一個發(fā)展綱要?！卑擦照f。
中國人民大學重陽金融研究院研究員劉志勤指出，由于人工成本、人民幣升值和貿易壁壘等因素，中國制造成本優(yōu)勢逐步喪失。
通過與外界比較，能看出“中國制造”有沒有優(yōu)勢
3HXD1635-40根據(jù)波士頓咨詢公司此前公布的數(shù)據(jù)，中國是多個制造業(yè)價格優(yōu)勢相比美國正在逐漸消失的國家之一。
不止中國的制造成本飆升，以前和中國一樣制造成本相對較低的巴西、俄羅斯、捷克、波蘭等經(jīng)濟體也遭遇了類似情況。
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3HXD1635-40 7TH AXIS POWER/SIGNAL
3HXD1635-60 POWER/SIGNAL SG
3HXD1635-70 7:E AXEL KRAFT /SIGNAL SG
3HXD1635-80 CRAFT/SIGNAL SG
3HXD1637-100 CS/CP CABLE PROFIBUS
3HXD1637-110 Customer Cable Profibus
3HXD1637-120 CS/CP CABLE PROFIBUS
3HXD1637-150 CS/CP CABLE PROFIBUS
3HXD1637-50 CS/CP CABLE PROFIBUS
3HXD1637-60 CS/CP CABLE PROFIBUS
3HXD1637-70 CS/CP CABLE PROFIBUS
3HXD1637-80 CS/CP CABLE PROFIBUS
3HXD1637-90 CS/CP CABLE PROFIBUS
3HXD1638-110 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-120 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-160 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-170 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-210 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-240 AXIS 1 LS CABLE
3HXD1638-300 POSITION SW.CABLE 30m
3HXD1638-40 POSITION SW. CABLE
3HXD1638-50 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-60 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-70 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-80 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1638-90 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1639-100 INTERBUS CABLE RG
3HXD1640-15 SIGNALCABLE
3HXD1640-150 RESOLVER EXTENSION CABLE
3HXD1640-170 RESOLVER EXTENSION CABLE
3HXD1640-220 SIGNAL CABLE
3HXD1640-240 Signal cable
3HXD1640-30 RESOLVER EXTENSION CABLE
3HXD1640-40 RESOLVER EXTENSION CABLE
3HXD1640-50 RESOLVER EXTENSION CABLE
3HXD1640-70 SIGNALCABLE
3HXD1666-100 HOSE
3HXD1672-150 CP/CS CABLE PARALLEL
3HXD1672-60 CP/CS CABLE PARALLEL
3HXD1672-70 CP/CS CABLE PARALLEL
3HXD1675-1 CARRIAGE
3HXD1691-110 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1691-130 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1691-150 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD1691-170 POSITION SW.CABLE
3HXD7109-1 PRODUCT MANUAL ENGLISH
3HXG1000-10 CABLE
3HXG1000-101 WELD PLATE
3HXG1000-11 CABLE
3HXG1000-12 CABLE
3HXG1000-138 Ball bearing
3HXG1000-151 CONNECTION FEMALE 8P
3HXG1000-152 Pin device
3HXG1000-153 Housing device
3HXG1000-156 Pin device
3HXG1000-157 Housing device
3HXG1000-162 Rubber element
3HXG1000-165 Coupling
3HXG1000-170 Coupler
3HXG1000-176 Bracket for cable chain
3HXG1000-178 Cable bracket
3HXG1000-198 Coupling
3HXG1000-199 Gear box
3HXG1000-20 Coupling
3HXG1000-201 Gear box
3HXG1000-203 AIR CONNECTOR
3HXG1000-209 BALL SCREW + NUT
3HXG1000-211 CABLE CHAIN ATTACHMENT
3HXG1000-216 EDGE LIST
3HXG1000-224 SCREW
3HXG1000-226 ALLEN SCREW
3HXG1000-25 Clamping unit
3HXG1000-253 GUARD SCREEN
3HXG1000-262 CONTACT GREASE
3HXG1000-284 PROTECTOR HOSE
3HXG1000-285 GRIP UNIT
3HXG1000-292 LUBRICATING NIPPLE
3HXG1000-4 TERMINAL BLOCK MARKING
3HXG1000-413 MAGNALUBE-G GREASE
3HXG1000-48 T-CROSS
3HXG1000-49 ADAPTER
3HXG1000-5 VALVE BISTABLE
3HXG1000-506 BUSHING NC910
3HXG1000-51 CONNECTING ANGLE
3HXG1000-516 Brush holder
3HXG1000-52 CABLE CHAIN LINK
3HXG1000-53 CASING
3HXG1000-55 CONTACT SOCKET
3HXG1000-556 REDUCE NIPPLE
3HXG1000-558 THREADED COUPLING.
3HXG1000-56 SQUEEZE BUSHING
3HXG1000-561 ANGLE COUPLING
3HXG1000-562 Oil brush
3HXG1000-563 STABILISATOR
3HXG1000-585 SOLENOID VALVE-BüRKERT
3HXG1000-586 TIMER-BüRKERT
3HXG1000-587 GREASE CONTAINER
3HXG1000-588 E-PUMP TRABON
3HXG1000-589 DIVIDER VALVE
3HXG1000-591 COUPLING
3HXG1000-600 T-SCREW NUT
3HXG1000-615 COUPLING, STRAIGHT
3HXG1000-68 CONNECTION FEMALE 4P
3HXG1000-69 Cabel
3HXG1000-70 POWER CABLE
3HXG1000-86 Roller block
3HXG1000-94 CABLE ATTACHMENT 16-22 O
3HXG1000-95 CABLE ATTACHMENT 12-16 O
3HXG1101-1 O-RING
3HXG1101-2 O-RING
3HXG1105-1 PARALLEL PIN
3HXG1106-4 PLASTIC HOSE PUN-6X1
3HXG1111-3 HOSE
3HXG1111-5 Hose
3HXG1111-6 HOSE
3HXG1111-8 HOSE
3HXG1111-9 HOSE
3HXG1117-3 ROTO GLYDE SEALING
3HXG1127-3 LINEAR GUIDE 45
3HXG1135-2 BEARING
3HXG1137-2 GEAR
3HXG1138-3 SOCKET SCREW
3HXG1140-1 V-TTNING, VL-160
3HXG1141-1 GEAR
3HXG1141-2 GEAR
3HXG1141-3 Shaft Coupling Clamping ring
3HXG1141-4 Shaft coupling distans
3HXG1143-2 BREAKER
3HAB2670-1 Cable jib
3HAB2683-1 Control cable signal 15m
3HAB2688-1 Control cable power L=7m
3HAB2689-1 Control cable power L=15m
3HAB2723-1 Support
3HAB2734-39 Legend plate
3HAB2738-1 Link
3HAB2745-1 Front plate
3HAB2756-1 Cover plate
3HAB2768-1 Resistor / Fan holder
3HAB2769-1 Resistor bracket
3HAB2772-1 Mounting rail
3HAB2777-1 Front label
3HAB2780-1 Filter cartridge
3HAB2781-1 Connection unit
3HAB2782-1 Connection unit 120V AC
3HAB2795-1 Guide Rail
3HAB2807-1 Cable serial bs
3HAB2809-1 Harness customer con.
3HAB2811-1 Customer cable 7m
3HAB2813-1 Customer cable 22m
3HAB2814-1 Customer cable 30m
3HAB2834-1 Position ind. cable 22m
3HAB2840-1 Harness dig I/O OG pin
3HAB2844-1 Resistor and Fan unit
3HAB2869-1 Ext. located op panel 15m
3HAB2870-1 Ext. located op panel 22m
3HAB2909-1 Female insert 72p
3HAB2909-2 Male insert 72p
3HAB2916-1 Resistor
3HAB2924-1 Wheel bracket
3HAB2927-1 Rubber moulding
3HAB2945-1 Transf. EU 400-500V
3HAB2946-1 Transf. USA 475-600V
3HAB2947-1 Transf. JAP 200-400V
3HAB2950-1 Transf. EU, 400-500V
3HAB2951-1 Transf. USA 475-600V
3HAB2952-1 Transber JAP 200V,2
3HAB2955-1 Housing with locking
3HAB2957-1 Jumper
3HAB2986-1 Contact socket
3HAB2987-2 Gasket
3HAB2989-2 Component unit
3HAB2995-2 House bulkhead mounting
3HAB2995-4 House bulkhead mounting
3HAB2997-1 Wrist band
3HAB3031-1 Parallel bar
3HAB3126-1 Parallel arm
3HAB3144-1 Gearbox 2,3
3HAB3201-1 Housing axis 4
3HAB3203-1 Cable unit axis 1-3
3HAB3204-1 Cable unit axis 4-6
3HAB3205-1 SIGNAL CABLE
3HAB3206-1 ADAPTER CABLE
3HAB3208-1 Cable unit axis 4-6 CC
3HAB3210-1 Gear axis 4, step 2
3HAB3211-1 Pinion axis 4, step 2
3HAB3212-1 Gear axis 4, step 1
3HAB3213-1 Pinion axis 4, step 1
3HAB3220-1 Cover axis 1-3
3HAB3221-1 Cover
3HAB3223-1 Cover axis 5-6
3HAB3225-1 Bracket
3HAB3226-1 Bracket
3HAB3228-1 Bracket
3HAB3230-1 Bracket
3HAB3231-1 Bracket
3HAB3233-1 Bearing house, axis 4
3HAB3254-1 Cushion axis 3
3HAB3256-1 Shaft
3HAB3257-1 Damper
3HAB3258-1 Stop pin
3HAB3259-1 Stop, axis 2 Complete
3HAB3260-1 Washer
3HAB3261-1 Sealing
3HAB3262-1 Spacer
3HAB3263-1 Tension spring
3HAB3264-1 Spacer
3HAB3265-1 Shaft
3HAB3266-1 Cover
3HAB3269-1 Stop, axis 3 complete
3HAB3272-1 Gear box , axis 1-3
3HAB3281-1 Lower arm
3HAB3282-1 Parallel arm
3HAB3283-1 Parallel bar
3HAB3286-1 STOP AXIS 1 comp
3HAB3287-1 Heat shield
3HAB3288-1 SPOUT HEAT SHIELD
3HAB3289-1 NUT
3HAB3290-1 Bracket
3HAB3291-1 Spring
3HAB3293-1 Sealing
3HAB3296-1 Sync.market axis 1-2
3HAB3297-1 Sealing
3HAB3298-1 Cableguide
3HAB3299-1 Holder for cableguide
3HAB3310-1 Cable pos.indicator ax.1
3HAB3321-1 Connections box ax. 1-3
3HAB3322-1 Cable box M4
3HAB3326-1 Gasket M1-3
3HAB3327-1 Gasket M4-6
3HAB3328-1 Cable guide
3HAB3333-20 Coupling
3HAB3347-1 Gasket bottom plate
3HAB3348-1 Gasket
3HAB3361-1 Bottom plate
3HAB3362-1 Cable unit axis 1-3
3HAB3363-1 cable unit axis 4-6
3HAB3364-1 Cable unit axis 4-6
3HAB3367-1 Bracket
3HAB3370-1 Bracket
3HAB3380-1 Gear unit axis 4
3HAB3384-1 Cable unit axis 4-6 CC
3HAB3385-1 Cable unit axis 4-6 CC
3HAB3388-1 Wrist
3HAB3396-1 Bracket
3HAB3402-14 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-15 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-24 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-25 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-26 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-28 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-30 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-36 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-37 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-38 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-39 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-44 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-51 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3402-52 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3404-14 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-200 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-205 Hex socket head cap screw m20x90
3HAB3409-23 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-24 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-25 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-26 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-27 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-29 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-37 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-38 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-39 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-40 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-42 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-50 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-51 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-52 Hex.sock.head cap screws
3HAB3409-53 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-57 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-59 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-60 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-61 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-62 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-67 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-71 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-73 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-74 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-75 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-84 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-85 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-86 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-88 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-89 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-90 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-92 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3409-93 Hex socket head cap screw
3HAB3438-1 Spring
3HAB3443-1 Foot
3HAB3538-12 Sealing strip
3HAB3539-1 END LID (VK-cover)
3HAB3582-1 Resistor/Diode
3HAB3610-1 Gear set
3HAB3613-1 Gear
3HAB3614-1 Pinion
3HAB3615-1 Pinion ax. 4-6 / Z1
3HAB3616-1 Pinion ax. 5/Z3
3HAB3617-1 Gear
3HAB3618-1 Gear
